Atopic dermatitis, skin wrinkling and various other skin related
disorders are common problems in now a days. In order to
treat these disorders, products especially from marine origin
are now a days in fashion. The substances from marine origin
including macroalgae, marine collagen, epoxypolysaccharides
from cyanobacteria and marine fungi are well known for their
therapeutic potential on the skin surface. By the use of
modern and advanced method of extraction, number of seaweed
and other ingredients are being extracted and used in
dermal care products.
At present, more than 7000 marine products has been isolated
and out of this, 25 % from algae, 33 % from sponges,
18 % from coelenterates (sea whips, sea fans and soft corals),
and 24 % from other invertebrate phyla such as ascidians
(also called tunicates), opisthobranch molluscs (nudibranchs,
sea hares etc), echinoderms (starfish, sea cucumbers etc) and
bryozoans (moss animals) are used.
The important chemical agents isolated from marine source
include Bryostatin 1, Didemnin B and Dolastatins etc are getting
popularity due to their potent action. Bryostatins are a
group of macrolide lactones, first isolated in the 1960s are
potent modulators of protein kinase C. In in vitro tests,
Bryostatin 1 was able to inhibit cell growth, angiogenesis and
caused excitation of cell differentiation and apoptosis. Bryostatin
also shows immunomodulatory properties. Therefore,
it is in use for dermal care and skin protection from harmful
UV-B radiation.
Didemnins are cyclic depsipeptide compounds, isolated from
a tunicate (sea-squirt) of the genus Trididemnum (family of
Didemnidae), that were collected in the Caribbean Sea. It is a
strong antiviral agent against both DNA and RNA viruses such
as herpes simplex virus type 1, a potent immunosuppressant
which exhibits some key role in skin graft.
Another important chemical agents from marine sources are
Dolastatins. Dolastatins are isolated from from the marine cyanobacterium
Symploca sp. The Dolastatins are mitotic inhibitors.
They inhibits microtubule assembly by interfering with
tubulin formation and thereby disrupt cell division by mitosis
and induces apoptosis and Bcl-2 phosphorylation in several
malignant cell types. Therefore, Dolastatins are used in dermal
care products with anticancer property.
Among water algae species, Chlorella Vulgaris and Chlorella
Pyrenoidosa are being used as dietary supplement for beautification
of skin and for hair care. Chlorella was one of the
first green algae, which became a dietary supplement. These
green algae are rich in protein, amino acids, vitamins and minerals.
When taken in diet, they assist to maintain healthy digestion
and healthy skin.
Traditionally, algae are known to have effective anti-ageing
properties especially when combination of algae extracts are
in use. Sea algaes are considered good for the skin because
they have chemical compositions, which are similar to human
body’s plasma, which enables particularly good penetration of
the nutrients.
In Asia and some other part of world, apart from algae, another
popular product named as marine collagen, derived from
fish scales is getting large success in dermal care products. In
fact, due to low to optimum molecular weight of fish (marine)
collagen, it is up to 1.5 times more easily absorbed than bovine,
porcine or chicken collagen. Researchers have suggested
that fish (marine) collagen is also the right type of collagen
(Type I& II) which is required for the building blocks of
our skin. As marine collagen is extracted from fish, it is free
from Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy.
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