Sapindus mukorossi is well known medicinal and economical plant. Antibacterial and antifungal activities were evaluated
from various extracts (ethanolic, methanolic and aqueous) of callus and in vitro leaf against several Gram positive and
Gram negative bacteria and clinically isolated fungus. Antimicrobial activities were more in in vitro leaf extracts. Callus
extract have showed antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli. Maximum inhibition zone (8.06±0.17 mm) was
observed against C. tropicalis from methanolic extracts of in vitro leaf. In vitro leaf extracts have shown efficient antifungal
activity. Callus and in vitro leaf extract can be used for production of different phytochemicals and plant based antibiotics.
Plants are rich source of secondary metabolites and have
great therapeutic potential to treat various diseases. A large
population of world uses plant based principles for their primary
health care. Medicinal plants may be proved as best
source of a variety of drugs. About 20% of plants present
in the world have been examined for pharmaceuticals and
biological tests. The commonly present antibiotics are either
derived from natural or synthetic resources. Several researchers
have reported the various biological activities such
as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-HIV, anti-cancer, antidiabetic
etc. from different group of plants. Current research
shows that researchers and medical professionals are
more interested in the use of indigenous drugs for the cure of
human health ailments. Due to expensiveness and more
side effects of synthetic drugs clinical microbiologists are paying
their attention for screening of medicinal plants for phytochemicals
and antimicrobial activity as potent therapeutics.
Antimicrobial activities of medicinal plants are due to presence
of different groups of phytochemicals such as alkaloids,
polyphenolic compounds, terpenoids, lignans etc. Human
pathogens are developing drug resistance against commonly
used antibiotics have compelled researchers for searching
new antimicrobial substances from other natural sources including
plants. So, there is an essential need to develop a
new generation of antibiotics from natural source.
S. mukorossi Gaertn. is a popular medicinal and economical tree
and well-known for their therapeutic values. S. mukorossi plant
is rich in antioxidants and polyphenolic compounds and exhibiting
antioxidants properties. Earlier, Aneja et al. have assessed
the antibacterial activity of fruit extract against dental caries
causing pathogen. Antimicrobial activities of leaf and fruit extracts
of this plant were also evaluated on some bacteria and fungus. For the validation of antimicrobial potential of this plant
this research study was undertaken. This is the first report of antimicrobial
activity by using callus and in vitro leaf (IVL) extracts.
Leaves of S. mukorossi were collected from the campus of
Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, in the month of April.
Callus and IVL were regenerated by following the protocol of
Singh et al. Callus was shade dried at room temperature
for 4-5 days and at 40-45°C for 2 h and grinded in mechanical
grinder to make coarse powder. Five gram of callus powder
was extracted in 150 ml of solvents for 10 h using Soxhlet apparatus.
Ethanol, methanol and double distilled water were
used as solvents for the extraction. Extracts were then dried
at 40°C in rotary evaporator and stored at -20°C for further
use. Test samples were prepared in different concentrations
for further experiments in their respective extraction solvents.
In vitro leaf (200 mg) was collected and grinded in mortar and
pestle by adding the solvents. Finally, volume of extract was
maintained about 20 ml.
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