Homo-dimeric alkaloids produced by fungi, lichenized fungi and fungal endophytes are a structurally unique class of
natural products with extensive biological activities that are presented in this article. More than 100 selected fungal
metabolites have been confirmed to exhibit antitumor, antimicrobial, antibacterial, and other activities.
Alkaloids are nitrogen-containing metabolites found mainly
in plant species; they are also found in fungi, microorganisms
and marine invertebrates. Studies on bioactive alkaloids,
done with respect to both their biological activity and the role
of alkaloids in the introduction of new drugs, have gained
considerable importance during the past fifty years, and have
been received a prominent position in the field of organic and
medicinal chemistry.
Homo-dimeric alkaloids produced by fungi are a structurally
unique class of natural products with extensive biological
activities that are presented in this article. This mini-review
article is intended to provide an overview of the properties
of homo-dimeric alkaloids produced by fungi, fungal endophytes,
and lichenized fungi.
All dimeric alkaloids are complex molecules consisting of two
structurally similar monomers linked by bonds that can be
weak or strong, covalent or intermolecular. The term homodimer
is used when the two monomer molecules are identical. The alkaloidal pigment necatarone, its dehydrodimer, which prevails in aged fruiting bodies, and its 10-deoxydehydrodimer are major pigments of the green-brown
flesh and cap skin of Lactarius turpis.
endophytic fungus C. globosum. The culture broth of
Chaetomium fusiforme, from liverwort Scapania verrucosa, afforded
two azaphilone alkaloids called chaetofusins A and
B. Both compounds have shown antifungal activity.
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